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It’s no secret that navigating questions about ovarian cancer and pregnancy can feel complicated — and sometimes downright overwhelming. Whether you’re trying to conceive, worried about a suspicious test result, or simply want to empower yourself with knowledge, this article is here to break down the essentials. We’ll cover whether ovarian cancer can cause a positive pregnancy test, why some people experience pregnancy-like symptoms, how to detect ovarian cancer during (and after) pregnancy, and much more. Let’s dive in.
Ovarian cancer and pregnancy tests
“Ovarian cancer” describes when abnormal cells grow and multiply in the ovaries, potentially destroying healthy tissue. These cells can also originate in the fallopian tubes or peritoneum, the lining of the abdomen and pelvis.
According to the American Cancer Society, over 20,000 women will receive an ovarian cancer diagnosis in 2025, but many will face barriers to early detection — some being misdiagnosed or dismissed by healthcare providers, and others simply not exhibiting clear symptoms until later stages.
Ovarian cancer and positive pregnancy test: what does it mean?
It’s unsettling to see a plus sign on a pregnancy test when you’re certain you aren’t pregnant. While it’s relatively rare, certain types of ovarian tumors can produce the hormone hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), which is what pregnancy tests detect. If you’ve had this experience, bring it up with your healthcare provider — they’ll have to look into it further.
Can ovarian cancer cause a positive pregnancy test?
In most instances, a positive test truly signals pregnancy. However, certain germ cell tumors (a type of ovarian cancer) secrete hCG, leading to false-positive results. If you suspect you’re not pregnant but keep getting positive tests, this calls for deeper medical checks, including blood tests and imaging, to rule out or confirm any underlying ovarian issues.
Can ovarian cancer cause pregnancy symptoms?
When we think of pregnancy signs — bloating, nausea, abdominal discomfort — these can sometimes overlap with ovarian cancer symptoms. If you find yourself experiencing these sensations without a confirmed pregnancy, or if you’re juggling confusing test results, it’s critical to advocate for yourself. Speak with a healthcare professional about the possibility of gynecologic issues like ovarian cysts or tumors.
Detection and diagnosis
One reason ovarian cancer has earned its “silent killer” nickname is that it’s difficult to catch early.
“Early-stage ovarian cancer very often does not have symptoms,” explains Eleonora Teplinsky, MD, an oncologist specializing in breast and gynecologic cancers at Valley Medical Group in Paramus, New Jersey.
Because of this, many people discover they have ovarian cancer after it has progressed. If something doesn’t feel right, it’s important to trust yourself, make an appointment with a doctor, and request any necessary workup. Quick action can lead to earlier diagnosis, which generally improves outcomes.
Can ovarian cancer be detected during a pregnancy ultrasound?
In some cases, an ultrasound intended to check on a developing fetus might reveal an ovarian mass. However, these routine ultrasounds often focus on fetal growth, so smaller ovarian tumors could go unnoticed. If your healthcare team spots an irregularity on your ovary, they may suggest a transvaginal ultrasound, MRI, or tumor marker blood tests (like CA-125) for a clearer picture.
Most common ovarian cancer in pregnancy
Though overall uncommon during pregnancy, certain germ cell tumors may appear more often in individuals of childbearing age. Epithelial ovarian cancer (the most common type overall) is still a possibility, though. If there’s any suspicion of cancer, your healthcare provider should refer you to a gynecologic oncologist for specialized care and treatment planning.
Relationships between pregnancy and ovarian cancer
Many young individuals face medical gaslighting — pelvic or abdominal pain is dismissed as “ovulation pain” or stress. Understanding how pregnancy and ovarian cancer can intersect helps you be your own best advocate if something seems amiss.
Does pregnancy reduce risk of ovarian cancer?
Pregnancy can slightly lower the risk of certain ovarian cancers. However, it’s by no means an all-or-nothing safeguard. Ultimately, if you have a family history or notice concerning signs, it’s crucial to share this information with your healthcare team. They can assess your personal risk based on multiple factors.
Ovarian cancer after pregnancy
Having children doesn’t fully eliminate the possibility of developing ovarian cancer down the line. If you experience persistent bloating, abdominal pain, unexplained weight changes, or shifts in bowel habits, speak to your doctor right away. Being proactive can make all the difference in catching an issue early.
Can an ectopic pregnancy cause ovarian cancer?
An ectopic pregnancy (when a fertilized egg implants somewhere outside the uterus, often in a fallopian tube) doesn’t directly cause ovarian cancer. However, experiencing any unusual gynecologic event warrants ongoing communication with your healthcare team. They may choose to monitor you more closely to rule out other potential concerns.
Pregnancy after ovarian cancer
If you’ve already been treated for ovarian cancer and are hoping to grow your family, there’s encouraging news: Depending on factors like the cancer’s stage and type, fertility-sparing treatments might be possible. In many cases, patients meet with a gynecologic oncologist for potential tumor removal surgery. Some might undergo chemotherapy or other systemic treatments first.
Pregnancy after Stage 1 ovarian cancer
Stage 1 ovarian cancer is often more localized. In certain scenarios, a fertility-sparing approach — where only the affected ovary and fallopian tube are removed — might be viable. Your doctor will personalize your treatment strategy based on the tumor’s specifics, your overall health, and your desire for future fertility. Open communication about family-building goals can help guide the best approach.
Symptoms to watch out for
Paying attention to signs of ovarian cancer is essential, whether you’re currently pregnant, hoping to conceive, or simply staying informed. Symptoms to keep on your radar include:
- Abdominal bloating or fullness
- Early satiety (feeling full quickly)
- Abdominal pain
- Changes in bowel habits or bowel movements
- Weight changes
If any of these ring true for you, reach out to an OB/GYN or primary care provider. As Dr. Teplinsky points out, early detection can lead to better outcomes.
How to screen for ovarian cancer during pregnancy
Screening for ovarian cancer in asymptomatic people is challenging. “[Pelvic ultrasound and CA-125 blood tests] have not been shown to improve mortality in those at average risk,” says Dr. Teplinsky, adding that false positives are possible. If you’re high risk (due to family history or genetic factors), you may still be advised to have these screening tests every six months. Otherwise, simply staying alert to bodily changes and informing your healthcare team remains key.
New developments in ovarian cancer detection
One emerging recommendation is an opportunistic salpingectomy, in which the fallopian tubes are removed during another scheduled pelvic surgery (like tubal ligation) for those who are done having children. This approach stems from research suggesting many ovarian cancers begin in the fallopian tubes.
There is always hope
Ovarian cancer might be called the “silent killer,” but there’s also hope. As Dr. Teplinsky shares, “There have been a number of advances in the last few years and new drug approvals for ovarian cancer leading to improved outcomes! We are making progress!”
Although only 20% of ovarian cancers are found at an early stage, 94% of those individuals live longer than five years post-diagnosis. This is exactly why trusting yourself and speaking up matters. Whether you’re dealing with unexplained pregnancy test results, curious about risk reduction, or managing life after treatment, remember: You deserve answers, second opinions, and a doctor who takes your concerns seriously.
Tassia O'Callaghan is an experienced content writer and strategist, having written about a vast range of topics from chemical regulations to parenting, for brands like Peanut App Ltd, Scary Mommy, Tally Workspace, and Office Christmas. She's an advocate for realistic sustainable living, supporting small businesses (author of A-Z of Marketing for Small Businesses), and equity across all walks of life. Follow her on LinkedIn or TikTok, or see more of her work on Authory or her website.