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From menstrual cramps to heavy bleeding, periods usually aren't an enjoyable experience for anyone. Not only can they be painful, but also exhausting, and frankly, annoying to deal with for days at a time. The same can be said for contracting a urinary tract infection (UTI), whether it's for the first or fifth time. But what about a combination of the two? Can having a UTI can actually mess with your period, and vice versa?
We spoke with the experts about the connection between UTIs and periods, so you'll know what to look out for the next time your cycle comes around.
But first, what causes a UTI?
There are a few reasons why women get urinary tract infections, but the most common is the presence of bacteria in the urethra which extends into the bladder (also known as cystitis).
"Bacteria can get into the urinary system and cause infection/dysuria (painful urination) or hematuria (blood in urine)," explains Dorothy Bestoyong, DO, an OB/GYN based in Orlando, Florida.
In most cases, the body can naturally ward off the bacteria on its own, but sometimes it can lead to a UTI. The most common signs of a UTI include a burning sensation when urinating, the frequent urge to pee, and cramping in the lower abdomen. If you're dealing with any of these symptoms — even during that time of the month — it's important to consult with your OB/GYN or PCP.
While you can test for a UTI while on your period, Dr. Bestoyong suggests telling your provider ahead of time as menstrual blood and vaginal discharge can potentially interfere with test results.
The UTI-period connection: What's really going on?
Despite there being no direct correlation between the two, when you have a UTI your body is fighting off an infection in your urinary tract. This can cause inflammation and irritation, which may extend to nearby areas, including your reproductive organs. As a result, some women may experience slight changes in their menstrual cycle.
On the flip side, your period can also make you more susceptible to UTIs. During menstruation, the pH balance of your vagina changes, which can create an environment where bacteria thrive. Additionally, the use of tampons or menstrual cups can sometimes introduce bacteria into the urinary tract, increasing the risk of infection.
It's also possible for UTIs and the menstrual cycle to be connected in a psychological way, especially if you're dealing with chronic urinary tract infections — typically defined by multiple episodes within a year.
"Stress from a chronic infection or illness in general can impact your cycle," says Dr. Jessica Ryniec, double board-certified OB/GYN and fertility specialist. "The way I explain it is if your body is focusing on fighting an infection, or if you have other severe stressors, it is going to stop focusing on reproduction."
Only you know what's 'normal' for you, so if you're bleeding more or less than usual or stop having periods altogether, then you'll want to schedule an appointment with your doctor to figure out what's going on.
Also, keep in mind that several other factors can cause period irregularities, such as weight fluctuations, perimenopause, pregnancy, and certain medications, to name a few.
So, how can you prevent a UTI?
While there's no sure-fire way to prevent a UTI (especially while on your period), here are some tips to help keep UTIs at bay:
Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps flush out bacteria from your urinary tract (and can also help ease menstrual cramps!).
Practice good hygiene: During your period, change tampons or pads regularly and always wipe from front to back after using the bathroom to prevent bacteria from entering the urinary tract.
Pee after sex: This simple habit can help flush out any bacteria that might have been introduced during intercourse.
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Consider probiotics: These beneficial bacteria can help maintain a healthy balance in your urinary and vaginal flora.
Wear breathable underwear: Cotton underwear allows for better air circulation, reducing the risk of bacterial growth.
Know the symptoms and advocate for yourself
Remember, while your period can bring its own set of discomforts, symptoms of a UTI "include burning with urination, increased frequency of urination, feeling the urge to pee but not being able to go, and suprapubic pain and signs of the infection becoming worse are fever and flank pain," says Dr. Ryniec.
If you do find yourself dealing with a urinary tract infection, don't hesitate to seek treatment, even if you're on your period. Untreated UTIs can lead to more serious kidney infections, whereas antibiotics are typically very effective in clearing up the infection so you can get back to living your best, UTI-free life.
Casey Clark is a freelance writer from New York City who specializes in beauty, food, and lifestyle content in the commerce sector. Her work has been featured in Women’s Health, Allure, Cosmopolitan, SELF and more. When she’s not writing, you can find her swatching the latest lipsticks or out to brunch with her girlfriends.